Colonna di Marco Aurelio
Modelled on Trajan's earlier column, this 30-metre marble shaft was raised between about 176 and 193 AD to celebrate the emperor Marcus Aurelius's hard wars against the Germanic and Sarmatian tribes along the Danube. A continuous spiral relief winds up its drum, narrating the campaigns in carved scenes that grow deeper and more emotional than Trajan's — the suffering of war is openly shown, in keeping with the philosopher-emperor who wrote the "Meditations".